Rosh Psychiatry Board Practice Exam

What is the characteristic mood pattern of cyclothymic disorder?

1. Continuous depressive episodes

2. Periodic hypomanic and depressive symptoms

3. Severe manic episodes

4. Chronic low-grade depression

The correct answer is: Periodic hypomanic and depressive symptoms

The characteristic mood pattern of cyclothymic disorder is defined by its periodic nature, involving both hypomanic and depressive symptoms. Individuals with cyclothymic disorder experience cycles of mood fluctuations that are less severe than those seen in full-blown bipolar disorder but include recurring episodes of mild hypomania and mild depression. This mood pattern is stable over time and can lead to significant distress or impairment in functioning. The hypomanic episodes are marked by elevated mood, increased energy, and heightened activity levels, while the depressive symptoms are characterized by sadness, low energy, and feelings of hopelessness, although these symptoms are not as severe as those seen in major depressive disorder. Overall, this combination of alternating mood states reflects the hallmark of cyclothymic disorder, distinguishing it from other mood disorders, which either present with more severe depressive episodes or manic states.